Sunday, October 27, 2013

What is the meaning of Shylock's defense of his Jewish humanity in "The Merchant of Venice"?

Actually, Shylock's "defense of his Jewish humanity" is not humane at all. It justifies - wrongly justifies, most commentators would argue - his revenge.

Why does he want Antonio's flesh, he is asked. He responds 

To bait fish withal: if it will feed nothing else, it will feed my revenge.

Shylock then lists several ways in which Antonio has wronged him, simply because he is Jewish: 

He hath disgraced me ... and what's his reason? I am a Jew.

Shylock then moves through the famous part of the passage. Jews have eyes, hands, passions, eat the same food as Christians do. This bit is all perfectly humane, and a reasonable anti-racism sentiment. But what follows it?  

If you wrong us, shall we not revenge? If we are like you in the rest, we will resemble you in that. If a Jew wrong a Christian, what is his humility? Revenge. If a Christian wrong a Jew, what should his sufferance be by Christian example? Why, revenge. The villany you teach me I will execute; and it shall go hard but I will better the instruction.

So, following all this humane rhetoric is a justification of revenge - an argument that Shylock is right to cut a pound of flesh from Antonio's body. It does defend what Shylock perceives as his Jewish humanity: but it also viciously promotes his vengefulness. 

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