What is the advantage to the cell of having different organelles that carry out specialized functions?

Each cell can be more efficient.

Without having these little organs within the cell, it could not carry out essential functions. Also, each cell carries such specific information to the make up of the organism and specific features of the organism. DNA replication is carried out by a specialized function of the nucleus. Such a delicate process would certainly not be performed as perfectly if it were not performed by a specialized organelle. Just as the vacuoles hold food and waste.....if not the waste would just be floating about randomly in the cell ?? That could probably interfere with other functions. Some vacuoles help keep the pressure balanced in the cell...if not the cell would collapse. Check out the links below.