The climax of any piece of literature is the highest point of interest (not action) wherein the reader understands how the story will resolve (and to what extent the beginning balance is either regained or destroyed.)
In order to determine the climax, then, for A Christmas Carol, the reader must define the main, dominating idea or theme of the work. What is Dickens' message? The notes linked below offer three thematic ideas that work together to provide Dickens' most probable dominant theme: reconciliation and restoration to relationship are always possible, as long as life endures.
Knowing this, the climax of the story occurs when Scrooge asks the final spectre if the shadows of Christmas yet-to-come are only shadows, and not certainties. The reader understands at that point that Scrooge is a changed (or at least changing) man. The remainder of the book illustrates this conversion in a light and entertaining way. Even the mood of the text works to demostrates the truth of Scrooge's transformation.
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