During the Civil War, how did new weapon technology play a crucial role in the war which affected American society after the war?

During the first major conflict of the war, the Battle of Bull Run (7/1861) Washington's elite came to picnic on the sidelines and watch the soldiers fight, expecting the traditional line battle.  However, with more deadly weaponry, and especially due to the improvements in artillery, line battles became obsolete, and both the number of killed and wounded increased.  In fact, by the war's end, in certain areas soldiers were fighting in bulwarks and trenches rather than standing shoulder to shoulder in the field.  During the course of Bull Run, these spectators were overrun as the South drove the North off the field, causing about 5,000 casualties, a staggering amount of loss for a single battle. The breakdown is as follows: Union casualties were 460 killed, 1,124 wounded, and 1,312 missing or captured; Confederate casualties were 387 killed, 1,582 wounded, and 13 missing. People quickly realized they were in for a very long bloody war; historians estimate 600,000 Civil War casualties.  One gruesome result of having so many maimed Civil War survivors can be found in the reprint of the Sears-Roebuck catalogue from 1880, which has a large section of prosthetic devices for sale.