Friday, October 19, 2012

How do cells get energy?

In cells, energy is stored in the form of ATP.   ATP = Adenosine Triphosphate


How does ATP give cells energy?


ATP breaks apart and releases its energy.


When ATP breaks apart, it releases energy and loses a phosphate group. That means that it is now ADP.


Plant cells get energy by a process called photosynthesis. Plants use energy from sunlight to grow and make their own energy. So when a plant combines the energy from sunlight with water and carbon dioxide from the air, it gets energy. A chemical reaction must occur everytime. The equation is as followed: 6H2O + 6CO2 (+ light energy (the sun)  = C6H12O6 + 6O2 Inside each plant cell is an organelle called chloroplast. Chloroplast is where the photosynthesis reaction takes place.




Cellular respiration is a chemical process in which glucose molecules are broken down to release energy (ATP) for cellular functions.


Animals get energy by eating food. When humans eat food the following happens:


1. We break our food down into small molecules


2. We use the energy stored in the bonds in our food to make ATP


3. A small amount of the food becomes waste


Like photosynthesis, cellular respiration has a specific chemical reaction that happens every time.


The cellular respiration equation is as followed: O2 + C6H12O6 = CO2 + H2O + Energy (ATP)




Cellular respiration can be divided into 2main parts.


1.Anaerobic respiration -

Does NOT need oxygen!


Happens in the cytoplasm of a cell




2.Aerobic respiration 



Requires oxygen



Happens in the mitochondria of a cell


STEPS OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION


1. Glycolysis (anaerobic respiration process)


2. Depends on the conditions of the cell


During aerobic respiration, 2 processes take place in the mitochondria.


1.Kreb’s Cycle



2.Electron Transport Chain



Anarobic Respiration- Releasing energy from food molecules by producing ATP WITHOUT oxygen


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