In "I Felt a Funeral in my brain," how does the line "And then a Plank in Reason, broke" a metaphor for the central theme?

The "plank of Reason" that is breaking is the speaker's grasp on sanity.  The metaphor, then, is of the tenuous hold she has had on its retention.  A plank is a narrow board, often suspended over water.  When the plank breaks (reason, sanity) the speaker feels that she has plunged into the abyss. 

The plank too, is a metaphor for crossing from one place (or state) to another.  There are two "shores," if you will, in this poem.   Sanity and insanity, life and death,and perhaps even another, order and disorder.  It is the metaphor of the plank that has carried the speaker thus far.  When it breaks, she is delivered from sanity, life, and order to insanity, death, and disorder. 

By the way, anthologies often leave out this final stanza.  Here are those last lines:

And then a Plank in Reason, broke,

And I dropped down and down

And hit the world at every plunge,

And finished, knowing --then --