Wednesday, June 13, 2012

In The Odyssey, how do Odysseus and his companions expect to be treated by the Cyclops?

In The Odyssey, the concept of "xenia," the moral code involving a civic duty in which any traveler or visitor can always rely on a friendly reception from any host, has often served Odysseus well, although he has had his fair share of hardship and has lost men when he angered the gods.


In some instances, he has lingered far too long. Calypso wants to keep Odysseus with her and immortalize him. She only lets him go because she is ordered to do so. Later, when Odysseus reaches Aeaea, some of his men are turned into swine by the goddess Circe after eating and drinking their fill. Furthermore, on the island of the Lotus-Eaters, any man who eats the flowers forgets his duty to return home. Even back home, and unknown to Odysseus at this point, civil order is not being upheld and this will have disastrous consequences when Odysseus does, in fact, reach his home only to witness the treachery of the suitors, whereupon he will kill them. 


Odysseus is fascinated by the land of the Cyclopes and observes them from a nearby island until he feels compelled to investigate personally. He is aware that the monster may be inhospitable and not receive him willingly; he may have no respect for "right nor law." On the island, the "huge monster" is away tending his flocks, giving Odysseus time to look around. His men encourage him to take from the vast stocks but still Odysseus wants to test the boundaries and, despite all the visible warning signs and his men's pleas, Odysseus waits to see if the Cyclops will give him "a present," as would be customary in Odysseus's world. It will soon become apparent to Odysseus that it was a mistake to expect such a hideous being to uphold the principles of decency and the "wretch" laughs at Odysseus's reminder of the rules of hospitality. Odysseus will have to use all his cunning to escape.  

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